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Changes for page Seismometers

Last modified by robert on 2026/01/15 17:32
From version 51.1
edited by robert
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To version 1.2
edited by robert
on 2023/12/11 11:35
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1 -Seismometers
1 +Seismometers2
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5 -= Broadband sensors =
15 += Paragraph 1 =
6 6  
7 -Broadband (or BB) sensors are especially sensitive to low-frequency energy and are //broad//ly defined as any instrument capable of **reliably recording wave periods greater or equal to 10 seconds**. This makes them useful for the analysis and detection of teleseismic earthquakes as well as techniques involving ambient noise. The downside to broadband sensors is usually their cost, size, and fragility relative to short-period sensors.
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8 8  
9 -Broadband sensors are not especially suited for very high frequency analysis as most tend to have an upper sensitivity limit of ~~100 Hz (e.g. 200 Hz sample rate). For this reason **we do not recommend people record data above 250 Hz** as it is wasteful. If you need to reliably measure energy above 100 Hz one of the SmartSolo nodes is more suitable.
19 +== Sub-paragraph ==
10 10  
11 -== Nanometrics ==
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12 12  
13 -Currently, four kinds of Nanometrics broadband seismic sensors are available. The Trillium Compact 120s, Trillium Compact 20s, Trillium Compact Posthole, and the Trillium Compact Horizon. These seismometers are ideal for long-term deployments of multiple months. All of these seismometers are compatible with the LPR-200 and TSAWR loggers and are designed for low energy consumption.
23 +== Sub-paragraph ==
14 14  
15 -=== Trillium Compact 120s ===
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16 16  
17 -The Trillium Compact 120s has sensitivity band between 120 seconds and 100 Hz but is prone to corrosion when buried for long periods. They have a tilt tolerance of ~~10° but come with adjustable feet for leveling.
27 +=== Sub-sub paragraph ===
18 18  
19 - For more information, refer to the [[Nanometrics Trillium Compact information sheet>>https://nanometrics.ca/hubfs/Downloads/Data%20Sheets/trillium_compact.pdf?hsLang=en-ca]]
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20 20  
21 -=== Trillium Compact 20s ===
22 22  
23 -The Trillium Compact 20s looks identical to the Trillium Compact 120s and has a recording range between 20 seconds and 100 Hz. but is prone to corrosion when buried for long periods. They have a tilt tolerance of ~~10° but come with adjustable feet for leveling.
32 += Paragraph 2 =
24 24  
25 -For more information, refer to the [[Nanometrics Trillium Compact information sheet>>https://nanometrics.ca/hubfs/Downloads/Data%20Sheets/trillium_compact.pdf?hsLang=en-ca]]
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26 26  
27 -(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:max(18px, min(20px, 14.4444px + 0.462963vw))" %)Trillium Compact Posthole
36 +== Sub-paragraph ==
28 28  
29 -The Trillium Compact Posthole is designed with a robust casing allowing it to be deployed via direct-burial without a vault or protective case. It does NOT have leveling feet nor a bubble (**bring your own!**), nor can its mass be rebalanced. The cable is also quite a bit more stiff so may require burial at an increased depth. If installed inside a vault, the cable may also unbalance the sensor if left by itself. The instrument response is identical to a Trillium Compact 120.
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30 30  
31 -For more information, refer to the [[Nanometrics Trillium Compact PH information sheet>>https://nanometrics.ca/hubfs/Downloads/Data%20Sheets/trillium_compact_ph.pdf?hsLang=en-ca]]
40 +== Sub-paragraph ==
32 32  
33 -=== Trillium Compact Horizon ===
34 -
35 -The Trillium Compact Horizon is sort of a mix between the Posthole and Compact 120, ideal for shallow direct bury deployments or instances where packing weight and size is an important consideration. Its response and sensitivity is identical to the Trillium Compact 120s.
36 -
37 -=== SmartSolo Broadbands ===
38 -
39 -Two types of SmartSolo brand seismometers are currently available, one of which is a broadband seismometer. More information is available on the [[SmartSolo Seismometers page>>doc:Instrumentation.SmartSolo Nodes.WebHome]].
40 -
41 -= Short period sensors =
42 -
43 -Short-period (SP) sensors have limited sensitivity to longer periods, but are otherwise perfectly suitable for earthquake or other high-frequency analysis. They are generally defined as any instrument that begins to **lose sensitivity at periods larger than 10 seconds**. They tend to be smaller and more mechanically robust to broadband sensors.
44 -
45 -=== Lennartz Electronic LE-3D Lite (MkII) ===
46 -
47 -The LE-3D Lite are small, robust, short period sensors with a a corner period of 1 second.
48 -
49 -=== SmartSolo BD3C-5 ===
50 -
51 -Sometimes erroneously referred to as a "broadband node", the larger cylinder-shaped BD3C-5 is technically a //short period //instrument as it has a corner period of 5 seconds (< 10). It is still a high gain seismometer however (e.g. channels ?H[NEZ]). More information is available on the [[SmartSolo Seismometers page>>doc:Instrumentation.SmartSolo Nodes.WebHome]].
52 -
53 -== Geophone Sensors ==
54 -
55 -"Geophones" are technically "very short period", with corner frequencies >= 5 Hz. ANSIR currently have two geophone-type sensors available for loan: the 3-Channel SmartSolo IGU-16HR and 1-Channel SmartSolo IGU-16, both with 5 Hz (0.2 second) corners.
56 -
57 -The center character in the channel codes should be "P", e.g. DPN, DPE, DHZ for 250 Hz.
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61 -Note that SmartSolo branded geophone channels have inverted polarity relative to traditional standards!!! This applies only to the IGU-16HR instruments and NOT the BD3C-5 instruments.
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63 63  
64 -= Channel and Instrument conventions =
65 65  
66 -We follow FDSN guidelines for sensor channel and type naming conventions, outlined at [[SAGE / IRIS>>https://ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc/data/formats/seed-channel-naming/]] and also copied below:
67 -
68 -|=Band code|=Band type|=Sample rate (Hz)|=Corner period (sec)
69 -|F|…|≥ 1000 to < 5000|≥ 10 sec
70 -|G|…|≥ 1000 to < 5000|< 10 sec
71 -|D|…|≥ 250 to < 1000|< 10 sec
72 -|C|…|≥ 250 to < 1000|≥ 10 sec
73 -|E|Extremely Short Period|≥ 80 to < 250|< 10 sec
74 -|S|Short Period|≥ 10 to < 80|< 10 sec
75 -|H|High Broad Band|≥ 80 to < 250|≥ 10 sec
76 -|B|Broad Band|≥ 10 to < 80|≥ 10 sec
77 -|M|Mid Period|> 1 to < 10|
78 -|L|Long Period|≈ 1|
79 -|V|Very Long Period|≈ 0.1|
80 -|U|Ultra Long Period|≈ 0.01|
81 -|R|Extremely Long Period|≥ 0.0001 to < 0.001|
82 -|P|On the order of 0.1 to 1 day ^^1^^|≥ 0.00001 to < 0.0001|
83 -|T|On the order of 1 to 10 days ^^1^^|≥ 0.000001 to < 0.00001|
84 -|Q|Greater than 10 days ^^1^^|< 0.000001|
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90 90  {{toc/}}
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92 92  
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95 -== Trillium Compact 120s ==
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53 +//Figure 1: [[Sea>>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isle_of_Icacos_II.jpg]]//
96 96  
97 -[[image:Trillium compact120.jpg]]
98 -
99 -|**Frequency Band**|120 seconds to 100 Hz
100 -|**Sensitivity**| 754 V/m/s
101 -|**Size (Diameter x Height)**|9 x 13 cm
102 -|**Weight**|1.1 kg
55 +[[image:Templates.Article.Template.WebHome@image2.jpg]]
56 +//Figure 2: [[Waves>>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Culebra_-_Playa_de_Flamenco.jpg]]//
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106 -(((
107 -== Trillium Compact PostHole 120s ==
108 -
109 -[[image:Trillium compact posthole.jpg]]
110 -
111 -|**Frequency Band**|120 seconds to 100 Hz
112 -|**Sensitivity**| 754 V/m/s
113 -|**Size (Diameter x Height)**|10 x 17 cm
114 -|**Weight**|3.1 kg
115 115  )))
116 -
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118 -(((
119 -== Trillium Compact Horizon ==
120 -
121 -[[image:20250305_100107.jpg]]
122 -
123 -|**Frequency Band**|120 seconds to 100 Hz
124 -|**Sensitivity**|754 V/m/s
125 -|**Size (Diameter x Height)**|8.6 x 13.8 cm
126 -|**Weight**|1.1 kg
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130 -(((
131 -== Lennartz LE-3D-Lite MkII ==
132 -
133 -[[image:LE3Dlite.jpg||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="~"center~""]]
134 -
135 -
136 -|**Frequency Band**|1 seconds to 100 Hz
137 -|**Sensitivity**| 400 V/m/s
138 -|**Size (Diameter x Height)**|10 x 10 cm
139 -|**Weight**|1.9 kg
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