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Changes for page ANU Seismic Data Loggers

Last modified by robert on 2025/09/16 13:22
From version 66.1
edited by robert
on 2025/09/16 13:19
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 28.1
edited by robert
on 2024/11/11 20:59
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

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Content
... ... @@ -10,30 +10,6 @@
10 10  )))
11 11  )))
12 12  
13 -= Power Considerations =
14 -
15 -Both the LPR-200 (or "Low Power Recorder" 200) and TerraSAWR are designed to use as little power as possible, and more or less use the same amount of power.
16 -
17 -At 100 Hz and with a GPS cable connected these loggers draw about 220 mW of power once the screen is off (higher sample rates draw more power but only marginally, < 5 mW). Adding a sensor (e.g. a Trillium Compact 120) increases this to approximately 400 mW, or 0.4 volt-amps. So, in theory 7 Ah battery should last about 10 days without a solar panel, but in practice it seems to be a bit closer to 8 which may be due to variability in power drain while in getting GPS locks.
18 -
19 -For very sunny environments (latitudes < 30) a 20 Volts 10 Watt solar panel should have no issue keeping these loggers alive over the summer months, and assuming unobstructed skies should also be fine over winter. However there is no harm in using 20 or even a 40 Watt panel, especially for high latitudes, coastal regions, or areas without a full sky view. In theory up to a 60 Watt solar panel is fine, but we don't recommend anything over 40 Watts and that amount of power is already overkill.
20 -
21 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
22 -(((
23 -Power issues are easy and cheap to solve relative to the cost of your experiment, don't skimp!
24 -)))
25 -
26 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
27 -In the case of an LPR, there is a large compartment for housing an internal battery, able to accommodate anything from a 10-30Ah battery. To use a standard lead acid battery with a positive and negative terminal, a 6 pin adaptor must be used. This ensures the voltage from the external power port (pins A and C) connect to the battery and ensure the system actually recharges. (See [[Peripheral Equipment>>doc:Instrumentation.Peripheral Equipment.WebHome]] for a more comprehensive overview of this kind of setup)
28 -
29 -= GPS Considerations =
30 -
31 -GPS is required for the data to have accurate timestamps. A standard 3-5V 1575.42 Mhz coaxial cable works fine and can be found for relatively cheap (e.g. [[https:~~/~~/www.elecbee.com/en-3555-gps-antenna-bnc-male-for-garmin-gps-120120xl125-sounder-with-cable-2m) >>https://www.elecbee.com/en-3555-gps-antenna-bnc-male-for-garmin-gps-120120xl125-sounder-with-cable-2m]]
32 -
33 -The TerraSAWR has a built-in GPS but this doesn't work as well, especially if the logger is (wisely) buried. **The LPR does NOT have a built-in GPS antenna, so an external antenna is mandatory.**
34 -
35 -In a pinch, a severed or broken antenna can be mended back together relatively easily by non-experts. Even stripping the wire and twisting it back together by hand on site is possible!
36 -
37 37  = Data Card Formatting and Information =
38 38  
39 39  Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 require SD Cards to be formatted in FAT32 filesystem. For 64Gb cards it can be difficult to format in FAT32, but [[software >>http://auspass.edu.au/field/fat32cardformatter.exe]]is available. ANU recommend SanDisk Extreme 150 mb/s cards in either 32 or 64Gb size. We strongly discourage using cards larger than 64Gb, and in general smaller cards are less likely to fail. We have also found that "adapter" cards (e.g. SD to microSD) are prone to having write issues and **strongly** advise against them.
... ... @@ -40,139 +40,35 @@
40 40  
41 41  The loggers can be "pre-programmed" with information (e.g. site name, sampling rate, etc) or they can be programmed in the field using the buttons on the logger. To pre-program the cards you simply edit a text file (named "[[ANUSRSetup.txt>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/ANUSRSetup.txt]]" for the LPRs, or "[[tSAWRSetup.txt>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/tSAWRSetup.txt]]" for the TerraSAWRs) and place it in the root directory on the SDCard. When the logger boots up, it will parse and load this information.
42 42  
43 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HTheformatforANUSRSetup.txt2FLPR200swillbeasinglelineoftextthatlookslikethis:" %)
44 44  The format for ANUSRSetup.txt / LPR200s will be a single line of text that looks like this:
45 45  
46 46  {{{XXX195G0100010034864 2 }}}
47 47  
48 -//corresponding to//
49 -
50 - site **XXX19**,
51 - network **5G**,
52 - sample rate **0100**, (i.e. 100 Hz)
53 - "gps interval" **01** (once per hour~-~- don't change),
54 - start mode (always **0**),
55 - stop mode (always **0**),
56 - seismometer type (**3** = broadband (+/- 20V), 2 = Guralp (+/- 10V), 1 = shortperiod (+/- 5V),
57 - and seismometer serial number (**4864**).
58 -
59 -(% class="box warningmessage" %)
60 -(((
61 -NOTE: the 2 at the very end is for "RECORD ON RESTART". The record on restart option ensures that if the logger dies and is powered back up whilst in the field (due to battery charging cycles or other causes) that the recording will resume. (# of blank spaces before this doesn't matter)
62 -)))
63 -
64 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HTheformatforTSAWRloggersisshorter:" %)
65 -The format for TSAWR loggers is shorter:
66 -
67 -(% class="box errormessage" %)
68 -(((
69 -**NOTE: The format is shorter as they don't have an option to set the "GPS sync". The GPS sync number should be omitted otherwise the formatting will not work!**
70 -)))
71 -
72 -SITE15G02500039999 2
73 -
74 -corresponding to site SITE1, 
75 -
76 - network 5G
77 - sample rate 0250, (i.e. 250 Hz)
23 +corresponding to site XXX19,
24 + network 5G,
25 + sample rate 0100, (e.g. 100 hz)
26 + "gps interval" 01 (once per hour~-~- don't change),
78 78   start mode (always 0),
79 79   stop mode (always 0),
80 - seismometer type (3 = broadband (+/- 20V), 2 = Guralp (+/- 10V), 1 = shortperiod (+/- 5V),
81 - and seismometer serial number (9999).
29 + seismometer type (3 = broadband (+/- 20V), 1 = shortperiod (+/- 5V),
30 + and seismometer serial number (4864).
31 + the 2 at the very end is for "start recording on power"
32 + and is vital to have this set so the logger will resume recording on its own if it experiences a power cycle. (# of blank spaces before this doesn't matter)
82 82  
34 +the TSAWRs are a bit shorter as they don't have an option to set the "gps sync"
83 83  
84 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HTheformattingprocessusingthelogger:" %)
85 -The formatting process using the logger:
36 +{{{SITE1XX02500039999 2}}}
86 86  
87 -The process for formatting an SD card within the logger is straightforward. Navigate to the "SD INFORMATION" screen and press ERASE SD CARD. This process may take up to a minute. This will result in erasing all files from the card. Upon starting recording, a new 'seed' will be written containing all the information that the logger has been set with FINISH THIS SECTION
38 +which would set up a Trillium Compact with serial 9999 named XX.SITE1 at 250hz sample rate.
88 88  
89 -[[image:original_0747763c-e3dd-4667-b897-833f12c8e0b8_20241219_130604.jpg||height="240" width="298"]]
90 90  
91 91  Here is a general guideline for how much data you can expect to fit on a card:
92 92  
93 93  {{{ 64Gb card: 245 days @ 250hz or 610 days @ 100hz
94 - 32Gb card: 122 days @ 250hz or 305 days @ 100hz
95 -}}}
44 + 32Gb card: 122 days @ 250hz or 305 days @ 100hz}}}
96 96  
97 -== Default Settings ==
98 98  
99 -As of 2025, the default settings for both LPR (v. 2.7) and TSWAR (v 3.6a) loggers are below. If you're using a broadband instrument, you are essentially good to go without having to program the cards.
100 100  
101 -* XX.ANUSR network and station name
102 -* 100 Hz Sample Rate
103 -* 40 Vpp (or +/- 20 V) gain / Trillium Compact seismometer version
104 -* Record on Restart enabled
105 -
106 -Note that if a user sets the gain incorrectly, this can be fixed later (assuming nothing clipped) by multiplying or dividing by factors of 2. The gain setting can be looked up from the logfile, else you may have to guess from a PSD or other method.
107 -
108 -= Logger Menus Overview (and setup) =
109 -
110 -The same menus are used in both the TSAWR and LPR-200 loggers.
111 -
112 -== System Information ==
113 -
114 -This menu provides an overview of the status of the station. Under 'Initialisation Parameters', the status of systems that are initialised upon powering on the logger can be checked.
115 -
116 -This menu also displays the firmware version, battery, external, and solar voltages, and the temperature of the system.
117 -
118 -* Check that all //Initialisation Parameters// are marked as successful.
119 -* Check that solar voltage is above 10 V in the software, or preferrably physically check that the battery's voltage is increasing via a DMM.
120 -
121 -== Live Seismometer Data ==
122 -
123 -This screen displays real time seismometer data for all 3 axes of the seismometer. Initially, a plot of raw data from all 3 channels is shown. By pressing enter, a high pass filter can be applied showing a more useful plot of all channels. The up and down arrows can be used to change between a view of all channels, individual channels, and all channels on different X axes.
124 -
125 -* Check that all 3 channels are present and are producing a signal.
126 -* Stomp on the ground near where the sensor is installed to check that a signal is being picked up by all 3 channels.
127 -* Common representations of poor signals include channels sloping smoothly from high values to zero, or sharp corners in the plots.
128 -
129 -== GPS Data ==
130 -
131 -This menu displays the status of the stations' GPS connection. The screen lists; UTC time, UTC date, latitude, longitude, altitude, number of satellite connections, and SNR.
132 -
133 -* Check that the station is connected to satellites. 3 or more should be perfectly adequate to keep time.
134 -
135 -== SD Information ==
136 -
137 -The menu lists if the SD card has been initialised, as well as the capacity and space free on the memory card. See "Data card formatting" (above) to see how to format and initialise the inserted SD card.
138 -
139 -== System Configuration ==
140 -
141 -This menu is used to set the stations identifiers and parameters.
142 -
143 -First, the sampling rate can be chosen from a set of options (1 Hz, 10 Hz, 25 Hz, 40 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 250 Hz, 1000 Hz).
144 -
145 -Next, the station identifier (up to 5 characters) and the network code (2 characters) can be set.
146 -
147 -Record start and stop mode should be left to 'On Request' mode.
148 -
149 -The seismometer model and serial number (up to 10 characters) can be set. Seismometer model options include:
150 -
151 -* Trillium Compact (same for 20s and 120s models)
152 -* CMG - 3ESP
153 -* Guralp 40T
154 -* LE-3D Lite
155 -* Mark L4C
156 -* Mark L4
157 -
158 -Additionally, the following settings can be used in place of the seismometer model types: +/- 20V, +/- 10V, +/- 5V
159 -
160 -The record on restart option ensures that if the logger dies and is powered back up whilst in the field (due to battery charging cycles or other causes) that the recording will resume.
161 -
162 -* Set the sampling rate, station identifier, and network code. Set the appropriate seismometer type. Most importantly, ensure the record on restart setting is checked.
163 -
164 -(% class="box errormessage" %)
165 -(((
166 -Again, ensure the 'RECORD ON RESTART' option is marked with a cross (the default setting). This ensures that the logger will record any time it receives enough power!
167 -)))
168 -
169 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
170 -[[image:original_2b83fcf5-ee5a-4375-bab1-2d738e4ffe8c_20241219_130646.jpg||height="234" width="289"]]
171 -
172 -== STA/LTA Configuration ==
173 -
174 -The Short Term Average and Long Term Average Configuration screen.. this is a relic for when people weren't recording continuously. Not advised!
175 -
176 176  = LogFile Conversion Script =
177 177  
178 178  Both the TSAWR and LPR-200 write logging information as a binary "dat" file which includes GPS time syncs, temperatures, battery power, and position. To convert them into ASCII you can read, use [[THIS PYTHON SCRIPT>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/anusr_log.py]].
... ... @@ -179,70 +179,49 @@
179 179  
180 180  = Instrument Response =
181 181  
182 -Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 use the same ADS1281 analog-to-digital converter chip and are designed to have identical instrument response. The ADC (analog to digital) chip in both loggers originally samples at 1024000 Hz and downsamples towards the output data rate via a 5th order SINC filter, then another four FIR filters. If the output is below 250 Hz, a final "pure" /5 decimation is done without any sort of FIR filter (for better or worse!).
54 +Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 use the same ADS1281 analog-to-digital converter chip and are designed to have identical instrument response. Depending on the output sample rate (e.g. 100 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz) amplitude response is consistently flat up to ~~100 Hz but phase response can vary above 1 Hz at 100 Hz (or 10 Hz at 250 Hz).
183 183  
184 -In the logger's menu, the user can choose to apply a 2nd stage "sensor gain" by selecting an instrument type in the setup menu. This effectively selects a 10 Vpp (e.g. short period sensors), 20 Vpp, 40 Vpp (most broadband sensors) regime to match the sensor's sensitivity. This has the effect of doubling amplitude from 10v to 20v, or quadrupling from 10v to 40v. If you have set your sensor correctly (and the signal isn't clipped!) you can "correct" this by simply multiplying your data by 0.5 etc. This gain manifests itself in stage 2 in the response information.
56 +The user can choose to apply a 2nd stage "sensor gain" by selecting an instrument type in the setup menu. This effectively selects a 10 Vpp (e.g. short period sensors), 20 Vpp, 40 Vpp (most broadband sensors) regime to match the sensor's sensitivity. This has the effect of doubling amplitude from 10v to 20v, or quadrupling from 10v to 40v. If you have set your sensor correctly (and the signal isn't clipped!) you can "correct" this by simply multiplying your data by 0.5 etc.
185 185  
186 -//(The 600+ Stage 3 SINC coefficients during the initial 1024k > 16k decimation were left off as they slowed down the process x10 and contribute at most 0.3 db amplitude and 0.31 ms phase delay discrepancies, and primarily only to frequencies near the nyquist. If for some reason you want to add this phase manually we can share the parameters with you.)//
58 +Another important thing to note is that the group delay associated with late stage FIR filters is **automatically applied in the logger**, hence there is no need to apply this in the response. These tend to max out at 0.124 seconds for most output sampling rates (0.062 s for 100 Hz).
187 187  
188 -You might notice that the response information may come in two versions. The response from our website (see link below) includes the 2nd "sensor gain" stage for clarity. e.g. here is a Trillium Compact 120 & ANU Logger response
60 +Instrument response can be downloaded from IRIS-NRL (v2) if need be, or by downloading the response of an equivalent sensor at AusPass (e.g. get_stations(level='response') )
189 189  
190 -##Channel Response
191 - From M/S (Velocity) to COUNTS ()
192 - Overall Sensitivity: 3.95452e+08 defined at 1.000 Hz
193 - 8 stages:
194 - Stage 1: PolesZerosResponseStage from M/S to V, gain: 754.3
195 - Stage 2: ResponseStage from V to V, gain: 0.25
196 - Stage 3: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage from V to COUNTS, gain: 2.09715e+06
197 - Stage 4: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
198 - Stage 5: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
199 - Stage 6: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 0.99998
200 - Stage 7: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1##
201 201  
63 += ANU TerraSAWR (Gen 3, FW 3.5a, 2017?- current) =
202 202  
203 -However, if retrieving from AusPass or IRIS, the 2nd "sensor gain" stage is combined with the logger gain. This has no affect, but you may detect that the former Stage 2 V->V ResponseStage has been merged into the Stage 3 gain.
65 +Text here
204 204  
205 -##Channel Response
206 - From M/S (Velocity) to COUNTS ()
207 - Overall Sensitivity: 3.9546e+08 defined at 1.000 Hz
208 - 6 stages:
209 - Stage 1: PolesZerosResponseStage from M/S to V, gain: 754.3
210 - Stage 2: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage from V to COUNTS, gain: 524288
211 - Stage 3: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
212 - Stage 4: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
213 - Stage 5: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 0.99998
214 - Stage 6: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1##
67 +== Sub-paragraph ==
215 215  
69 +XXXX
216 216  
217 -For the most part, the data logger response essentially flat when the samplerate output is set to 100 Hz or less and for seismological purposes is likely to be impossible to detect below 20 Hz regardless.
71 +== Sub-paragraph ==
218 218  
219 -Instrument response can be downloaded from IRIS [[Nominal Response Library>>https://ds.iris.edu/ds/nrl/]] if need be, or [[directly from us>>http://auspass.edu.au/data/logger_response]] , or by downloading the response of an equivalent sensor at AusPass (e.g. get_stations(level='response') ).
73 +xx
220 220  
75 +=== Sub-sub paragraph ===
221 221  
222 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 50 Hz>>image:ANU_50hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="356" width="475"]]
77 +x
223 223  
224 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 100 Hz>>image:ANU_100hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="355" width="473"]]
225 225  
226 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 250 Hz>>image:ANU_250hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="359" width="479"]]
80 += ANU LPR-200 (Gen 2, FW 2.6a/2.7a, 2013 - current) =
227 227  
228 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 1000 Hz>>image:ANU_1000hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="367" width="489"]]
82 +Text here
229 229  
84 +== Sub-paragraph ==
230 230  
231 -[[Huddle test comparing a Trillium Compact 120 + TerraSAWR vs a Trillium Compact 120 + Nanometrics Centaur (M8.AUANU) at 100 Hz>>image:TC120_ANU_vs_CENTAUR.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center"]]
86 +x
232 232  
233 -= ANU TerraSAWR (Gen 3, FW 3.5a, 2014- current) =
88 +== Sub-paragraph ==
234 234  
235 -Earliest known model is dated July 2014 (though first deployed in 2019) and our current flagship model. Lightweight and small.
90 +x
236 236  
237 -= ANU LPR-200 (Gen 2, FW 2.6a/2.7a, 2011 - current) =
238 238  
239 -Earliest known model is dated May 2011 (but first deployed November 2012) and still in use today. Potentially capable of housing much larger batteries than the TSAWR due to the larger cavity space.
93 += ANU "ANUSR" (Gen 1, 2003? - 2013?) =
240 240  
241 -= ANU "ANUSR" (Gen 1, 2003? - 2012) =
95 +x
242 242  
243 -This logger has been retired for a long time and has a different instrument response. It used modular component boards and was powered via an acrylic case of 6 x 6V lantern batteries. There is a somewhat complete one above the CAT lab door if anyone is so inclined to have a look.
244 -
245 -
246 246  = References =
247 247  
248 248  * [[PDF Manual>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/LPR-200_Instruction_Manual.pdf]]
... ... @@ -258,28 +258,6 @@
258 258  )))
259 259  
260 260  
261 -
262 -
263 -
264 -
265 -
266 -
267 -
268 -
269 -
270 -
271 -
272 -
273 -
274 -
275 -
276 -
277 -
278 -
279 -
280 -
281 -
282 -
283 283  (% class="box" %)
284 284  (((
285 285  = TerraSAWR Specs =
... ... @@ -292,13 +292,12 @@
292 292  [[image:1704864886951-793.jpg]]
293 293  
294 294  |=Size (L x W x H)|30 x 25 x12cm
295 -|=Weight (with battery)| 1.9kg (2.5kg)
124 +|=Weight (with battery)| ~*~*1.9kg (2.5kg)
296 296  |=Battery|(((
297 -Lead-acid 12v, ~~7-9Ah
126 +Lead-acid 12v, ~~7Ah
298 298  
299 299  Rechargeable
300 300  )))
301 -|=Current Firmware|3.5a (Jan 2025)
302 302  
303 303  [[image:terrasawr battery.jpg]]
304 304  )))
... ... @@ -315,28 +315,16 @@
315 315  [[image:LPR 3.jpg]]
316 316  
317 317  |=Size (L x W x H)|42 x 34 x17 cm
318 -|=Weight (no battery)|5.5 kg
146 +|=Weight (with battery)|4.9 kg (7.3 kg)
319 319  |=Battery|(((
320 -NOW: Any 12v battery with tab connections that will fit (ex. the same TSAWR battery)
148 +LiFePo4 140Ah
321 321  
322 -DISCONTINUED: LiFePo4 140Ah Rechargeable (shown below).
150 +Rechargeable
323 323  )))
324 -|=Current Firmware|(((
325 -2.6a (old GPS modules) / 2.7a
326 326  
327 -Jan 2025
328 -)))
329 -
330 330  [[image:LPR battery.jpg]]
331 331  )))
332 332  )))
156 +)))
333 333  
334 -
335 -
336 -
337 -
338 -
339 -
340 -
341 341  
342 -)))
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