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Changes for page ANU Seismic Data Loggers

Last modified by robert on 2025/09/16 13:22
From version 65.1
edited by robert
on 2025/09/16 13:18
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 47.1
edited by robert
on 2025/06/15 14:13
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

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14 14  
15 15  Both the LPR-200 (or "Low Power Recorder" 200) and TerraSAWR are designed to use as little power as possible, and more or less use the same amount of power.
16 16  
17 -At 100 Hz and with a GPS cable connected these loggers draw about 220 mW of power once the screen is off (higher sample rates draw more power but only marginally, < 5 mW). Adding a sensor (e.g. a Trillium Compact 120) increases this to approximately 400 mW, or 0.4 volt-amps. So, in theory 7 Ah battery should last about 10 days without a solar panel, but in practice it seems to be a bit closer to 8 which may be due to variability in power drain while in getting GPS locks.
17 +At 100 Hz and with a GPS cable connected these loggers draw about 220 mW of power once the screen is off. Adding a sensor (e.g. a Trillium Compact 120) increases this to approximately 400 mW, or 0.4 volt-amps. So, in theory 7 Ah battery should last about 10 days without a solar panel, but in practice it seems to be a bit closer to 8 which may be due to variability in power drain while in getting GPS locks.
18 18  
19 -For very sunny environments (latitudes < 30) a 20 Volts 10 Watt solar panel should have no issue keeping these loggers alive over the summer months, and assuming unobstructed skies should also be fine over winter. However there is no harm in using 20 or even a 40 Watt panel, especially for high latitudes, coastal regions, or areas without a full sky view. In theory up to a 60 Watt solar panel is fine, but we don't recommend anything over 40 Watts and that amount of power is already overkill.
19 +For very sunny environments (latitudes < 30) a 20V 10 Watt solar panel should have no issue keeping these loggers alive over the summer months, and assuming unobstructed skies should also be fine over winter. However there is no harm in using 20 or even a 40 Watt panel, especially for high latitudes, coastal regions, or areas without a full sky view. In theory up to a 60 Watt solar panel is fine, but we don't recommend anything over 40 Watts and that amount of power is already overkill.
20 20  
21 21  (% class="box infomessage" %)
22 22  (((
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23 23  Power issues are easy and cheap to solve relative to the cost of your experiment, don't skimp!
24 24  )))
25 25  
26 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
27 -In the case of an LPR, there is a large compartment for housing an internal battery, able to accommodate anything from a 10-30Ah battery. To use a standard lead acid battery with a positive and negative terminal, a 6 pin adaptor must be used. This ensures the voltage from the external power port (pins A and C) connect to the battery and ensure the system actually recharges. (See [[Peripheral Equipment>>doc:Instrumentation.Peripheral Equipment.WebHome]] for a more comprehensive overview of this kind of setup)
28 -
29 -= GPS Considerations =
30 -
31 -GPS is required for the data to have accurate timestamps. A standard 3-5V 1575.42 Mhz coaxial cable works fine and can be found for relatively cheap (e.g. [[https:~~/~~/www.elecbee.com/en-3555-gps-antenna-bnc-male-for-garmin-gps-120120xl125-sounder-with-cable-2m) >>https://www.elecbee.com/en-3555-gps-antenna-bnc-male-for-garmin-gps-120120xl125-sounder-with-cable-2m]]
32 -
33 -The TerraSAWR has a built-in GPS but this doesn't work as well, especially if the logger is (wisely) buried. **The LPR does NOT have a built-in GPS antenna, so an external antenna is mandatory.**
34 -
35 -In a pinch, a severed or broken antenna can be mended back together relatively easily by non-experts. Even stripping the wire and twisting it back together by hand on site is possible!
36 -
37 37  = Data Card Formatting and Information =
38 38  
39 39  Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 require SD Cards to be formatted in FAT32 filesystem. For 64Gb cards it can be difficult to format in FAT32, but [[software >>http://auspass.edu.au/field/fat32cardformatter.exe]]is available. ANU recommend SanDisk Extreme 150 mb/s cards in either 32 or 64Gb size. We strongly discourage using cards larger than 64Gb, and in general smaller cards are less likely to fail. We have also found that "adapter" cards (e.g. SD to microSD) are prone to having write issues and **strongly** advise against them.
... ... @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
97 97  
98 98  * XX.ANUSR network and station name
99 99  * 100 Hz Sample Rate
100 -* 40 Vpp (or +/- 20 V) gain / Trillium Compact seismometer version
89 +* 40V pp (or +/- 20 V) gain / Trillium Compact seismometer version
101 101  * Record on Restart enabled
102 102  
103 103  Note that if a user sets the gain incorrectly, this can be fixed later (assuming nothing clipped) by multiplying or dividing by factors of 2. The gain setting can be looked up from the logfile, else you may have to guess from a PSD or other method.
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112 112  
113 113  This menu also displays the firmware version, battery, external, and solar voltages, and the temperature of the system.
114 114  
115 -* Check that all //Initialisation Parameters// are marked as successful.
116 -* Check that solar voltage is above 10 V in the software, or preferrably physically check that the battery's voltage is increasing via a DMM.
104 +* Check all Initialisation Parameters are marked as successful.
105 +* Check that solar voltage is above 10 V, otherwise the station will not last long.
117 117  
118 118  == Live Seismometer Data ==
119 119  
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127 127  
128 128  This menu displays the status of the stations' GPS connection. The screen lists; UTC time, UTC date, latitude, longitude, altitude, number of satellite connections, and SNR.
129 129  
130 -* Check that the station is connected to satellites. 3 or more should be perfectly adequate to keep time.
119 +* Check that the station is connected to satellites
131 131  
132 132  == SD Information ==
133 133  
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145 145  
146 146  The seismometer model and serial number (up to 10 characters) can be set. Seismometer model options include:
147 147  
148 -* Trillium Compact (same for 20s and 120s models)
137 +* Trillium Compact (same for 20 and 120)
149 149  * CMG - 3ESP
150 150  * Guralp 40T
151 151  * LE-3D Lite
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160 160  
161 161  (% class="box errormessage" %)
162 162  (((
163 -Again, ensure the 'RECORD ON RESTART' option is marked with a cross (the default setting). This ensures that the logger will record any time it receives enough power!
152 +NOTE: Ensure the 'RECORD ON RESTART' option is marked with a cross.
164 164  )))
165 165  
166 166  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
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176 176  
177 177  = Instrument Response =
178 178  
179 -Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 use the same ADS1281 analog-to-digital converter chip and are designed to have identical instrument response. The ADC (analog to digital) chip in both loggers originally samples at 1024000 Hz and downsamples towards the output data rate via a 5th order SINC filter, then another four FIR filters. If the output is below 250 Hz, a final "pure" /5 decimation is done without any sort of FIR filter (for better or worse!).
168 +Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 use the same ADS1281 analog-to-digital converter chip and are designed to have identical instrument response. Depending on the output sample rate (e.g. 100 Hz, 250 Hz, 1000 Hz) amplitude response is consistently flat up to ~~100 Hz but phase response can vary above 1 Hz at 100 Hz (or 10 Hz at 250 Hz).
180 180  
181 -In the logger's menu, the user can choose to apply a 2nd stage "sensor gain" by selecting an instrument type in the setup menu. This effectively selects a 10 Vpp (e.g. short period sensors), 20 Vpp, 40 Vpp (most broadband sensors) regime to match the sensor's sensitivity. This has the effect of doubling amplitude from 10v to 20v, or quadrupling from 10v to 40v. If you have set your sensor correctly (and the signal isn't clipped!) you can "correct" this by simply multiplying your data by 0.5 etc. This gain manifests itself in stage 2 in the response information.
170 +The user can choose to apply a 2nd stage "sensor gain" by selecting an instrument type in the setup menu. This effectively selects a 10 Vpp (e.g. short period sensors), 20 Vpp, 40 Vpp (most broadband sensors) regime to match the sensor's sensitivity. This has the effect of doubling amplitude from 10v to 20v, or quadrupling from 10v to 40v. If you have set your sensor correctly (and the signal isn't clipped!) you can "correct" this by simply multiplying your data by 0.5 etc.
182 182  
183 -//(The 600+ Stage 3 SINC coefficients during the initial 1024k > 16k decimation were left off as they slowed down the process x10 and contribute at most 0.3 db amplitude and 0.31 ms phase delay discrepancies, and primarily only to frequencies near the nyquist. If for some reason you want to add this phase manually we can share the parameters with you.)//
172 +Another important thing to note is that the group delay associated with late stage FIR filters is **automatically applied in the logger**, hence there is no need to apply this in the response. These tend to max out at 0.124 seconds for most output sampling rates (0.062 s for 100 Hz).
184 184  
185 -You might notice that the response information may come in two versions. The response from our website (see link below) includes the 2nd "sensor gain" stage for clarity. e.g. here is a Trillium Compact 120 & ANU Logger response
174 +Instrument response can be downloaded from IRIS-NRL (v2) **TODO ADD LINK** if need be, or by downloading the response of an equivalent sensor at AusPass (e.g. get_stations(level='response') )
186 186  
187 -##Channel Response
188 - From M/S (Velocity) to COUNTS ()
189 - Overall Sensitivity: 3.95452e+08 defined at 1.000 Hz
190 - 8 stages:
191 - Stage 1: PolesZerosResponseStage from M/S to V, gain: 754.3
192 - Stage 2: ResponseStage from V to V, gain: 0.25
193 - Stage 3: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage from V to COUNTS, gain: 2.09715e+06
194 - Stage 4: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
195 - Stage 5: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
196 - Stage 6: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 0.99998
197 - Stage 7: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1##
198 198  
177 += ANU TerraSAWR (Gen 3, FW 3.5a, 2017- current) =
199 199  
200 -However, if retrieving from AusPass or IRIS, the 2nd "sensor gain" stage is combined with the logger gain. This has no affect, but you may detect that the former Stage 2 V->V ResponseStage has been merged into the Stage 3 gain.
179 +Not sure there's much left to say
201 201  
202 -##Channel Response
203 - From M/S (Velocity) to COUNTS ()
204 - Overall Sensitivity: 3.9546e+08 defined at 1.000 Hz
205 - 6 stages:
206 - Stage 1: PolesZerosResponseStage from M/S to V, gain: 754.3
207 - Stage 2: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage from V to COUNTS, gain: 524288
208 - Stage 3: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
209 - Stage 4: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
210 - Stage 5: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 0.99998
211 - Stage 6: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1##
212 212  
213 213  
214 -For the most part, the data logger response essentially flat when the samplerate output is set to 100 Hz or less and for seismological purposes is likely to be impossible to detect below 20 Hz regardless.
183 += ANU LPR-200 (Gen 2, FW 2.6a/2.7a, 2013 - current) =
215 215  
216 -Instrument response can be downloaded from IRIS [[Nominal Response Library>>https://ds.iris.edu/ds/nrl/]] if need be, or [[directly from us>>http://auspass.edu.au/data/logger_response]] , or by downloading the response of an equivalent sensor at AusPass (e.g. get_stations(level='response') ).
185 +Ditto the mighty LPR!
217 217  
218 218  
219 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 50 Hz>>image:ANU_50hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="356" width="475"]]
220 -
221 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 100 Hz>>image:ANU_100hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="355" width="473"]]
222 -
223 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 250 Hz>>image:ANU_250hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="359" width="479"]]
224 -
225 -[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 1000 Hz>>image:ANU_1000hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="367" width="489"]]
226 -
227 -
228 -[[Huddle test comparing a Trillium Compact 120 + TerraSAWR vs a Trillium Compact 120 + Nanometrics Centaur (M8.AUANU) at 100 Hz>>image:TC120_ANU_vs_CENTAUR.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center"]]
229 -
230 -= ANU TerraSAWR (Gen 3, FW 3.5a, 2014- current) =
231 -
232 -Earliest known model is dated July 2014 (though first deployed in 2019) and our current flagship model. Lightweight and small.
233 -
234 -= ANU LPR-200 (Gen 2, FW 2.6a/2.7a, 2011 - current) =
235 -
236 -Earliest known model is dated May 2011 (but first deployed November 2012) and still in use today. Potentially capable of housing much larger batteries than the TSAWR due to the larger cavity space.
237 -
238 238  = ANU "ANUSR" (Gen 1, 2003? - 2012) =
239 239  
240 240  This logger has been retired for a long time and has a different instrument response. It used modular component boards and was powered via an acrylic case of 6 x 6V lantern batteries. There is a somewhat complete one above the CAT lab door if anyone is so inclined to have a look.
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258 258  
259 259  
260 260  
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277 -
278 -
279 279  (% class="box" %)
280 280  (((
281 281  = TerraSAWR Specs =
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326 326  [[image:LPR battery.jpg]]
327 327  )))
328 328  )))
329 -
330 -
331 -
332 -
333 -
334 -
335 -
336 -
337 337  )))
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