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Changes for page ANU Seismic Data Loggers

Last modified by robert on 2025/08/08 16:09
From version 34.1
edited by Jack Dent
on 2024/12/19 13:23
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 62.1
edited by robert
on 2025/08/08 16:04
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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1 -XWiki.JackD
1 +XWiki.robert
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10 10  )))
11 11  )))
12 12  
13 += Power Considerations =
14 +
15 +Both the LPR-200 (or "Low Power Recorder" 200) and TerraSAWR are designed to use as little power as possible, and more or less use the same amount of power.
16 +
17 +At 100 Hz and with a GPS cable connected these loggers draw about 220 mW of power once the screen is off (higher sample rates draw more power but only marginally, < 5 mW). Adding a sensor (e.g. a Trillium Compact 120) increases this to approximately 400 mW, or 0.4 volt-amps. So, in theory 7 Ah battery should last about 10 days without a solar panel, but in practice it seems to be a bit closer to 8 which may be due to variability in power drain while in getting GPS locks.
18 +
19 +For very sunny environments (latitudes < 30) a 20 Volts 10 Watt solar panel should have no issue keeping these loggers alive over the summer months, and assuming unobstructed skies should also be fine over winter. However there is no harm in using 20 or even a 40 Watt panel, especially for high latitudes, coastal regions, or areas without a full sky view. In theory up to a 60 Watt solar panel is fine, but we don't recommend anything over 40 Watts and that amount of power is already overkill.
20 +
21 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
22 +(((
23 +Power issues are easy and cheap to solve relative to the cost of your experiment, don't skimp!
24 +)))
25 +
26 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
27 +In the case of an LPR, there is a large compartment for housing an internal battery, able to accommodate anything from a 10-30Ah battery. To use a standard lead acid battery with a positive and negative terminal, a 6 pin adaptor must be used. This ensures the voltage from the external power port (pins A and C) connect to the battery and ensure the system actually recharges. (See [[Peripheral Equipment>>doc:Instrumentation.Peripheral Equipment.WebHome]] for a more comprehensive overview of this kind of setup)
28 +
13 13  = Data Card Formatting and Information =
14 14  
15 15  Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 require SD Cards to be formatted in FAT32 filesystem. For 64Gb cards it can be difficult to format in FAT32, but [[software >>http://auspass.edu.au/field/fat32cardformatter.exe]]is available. ANU recommend SanDisk Extreme 150 mb/s cards in either 32 or 64Gb size. We strongly discourage using cards larger than 64Gb, and in general smaller cards are less likely to fail. We have also found that "adapter" cards (e.g. SD to microSD) are prone to having write issues and **strongly** advise against them.
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16 16  
17 17  The loggers can be "pre-programmed" with information (e.g. site name, sampling rate, etc) or they can be programmed in the field using the buttons on the logger. To pre-program the cards you simply edit a text file (named "[[ANUSRSetup.txt>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/ANUSRSetup.txt]]" for the LPRs, or "[[tSAWRSetup.txt>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/tSAWRSetup.txt]]" for the TerraSAWRs) and place it in the root directory on the SDCard. When the logger boots up, it will parse and load this information.
18 18  
19 -=== The format for ANUSRSetup.txt / LPR200s will be a single line of text that looks like this: ===
35 +== The format for ANUSRSetup.txt / LPR200s will be a single line of text that looks like this: ==
20 20  
21 21  {{{XXX195G0100010034864 2 }}}
22 22  
23 -corresponding to site XXX19,
24 - network 5G,
25 - sample rate 0100, (i.e. 100 Hz)
26 - "gps interval" 01 (once per hour~-~- don't change),
27 - start mode (always 0),
28 - stop mode (always 0),
29 - seismometer type (3 = broadband (+/- 20V), 2 = Guralp (+/- 10V), 1 = shortperiod (+/- 5V),
30 - and seismometer serial number (4864).
39 +//corresponding to//
31 31  
41 + site **XXX19**,
42 + network **5G**,
43 + sample rate **0100**, (i.e. 100 Hz)
44 + "gps interval" **01** (once per hour~-~- don't change),
45 + start mode (always **0**),
46 + stop mode (always **0**),
47 + seismometer type (**3** = broadband (+/- 20V), 2 = Guralp (+/- 10V), 1 = shortperiod (+/- 5V),
48 + and seismometer serial number (**4864**).
49 +
32 32  (% class="box warningmessage" %)
33 33  (((
34 34  NOTE: the 2 at the very end is for "RECORD ON RESTART". The record on restart option ensures that if the logger dies and is powered back up whilst in the field (due to battery charging cycles or other causes) that the recording will resume. (# of blank spaces before this doesn't matter)
35 35  )))
36 36  
37 -=== The format for TSAWR loggers is shorter: ===
55 +== The format for TSAWR loggers is shorter: ==
38 38  
39 39  (% class="box errormessage" %)
40 40  (((
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53 53   and seismometer serial number (9999).
54 54  
55 55  
56 -=== The formatting process using the logger: ===
74 +== The formatting process using the logger: ==
57 57  
58 58  The process for formatting an SD card within the logger is straightforward. Navigate to the "SD INFORMATION" screen and press ERASE SD CARD. This process may take up to a minute. This will result in erasing all files from the card. Upon starting recording, a new 'seed' will be written containing all the information that the logger has been set with FINISH THIS SECTION
59 59  
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65 65   32Gb card: 122 days @ 250hz or 305 days @ 100hz
66 66  }}}
67 67  
86 +== Default Settings ==
68 68  
88 +As of 2025, the default settings for both LPR (v. 2.7) and TSWAR (v 3.6a) loggers are below. If you're using a broadband instrument, you are essentially good to go without having to program the cards.
89 +
90 +* XX.ANUSR network and station name
91 +* 100 Hz Sample Rate
92 +* 40 Vpp (or +/- 20 V) gain / Trillium Compact seismometer version
93 +* Record on Restart enabled
94 +
95 +Note that if a user sets the gain incorrectly, this can be fixed later (assuming nothing clipped) by multiplying or dividing by factors of 2. The gain setting can be looked up from the logfile, else you may have to guess from a PSD or other method.
96 +
69 69  = Logger Menus Overview (and setup) =
70 70  
71 -The same menus are used in both types of loggers.
99 +The same menus are used in both the TSAWR and LPR-200 loggers.
72 72  
73 73  == System Information ==
74 74  
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76 76  
77 77  This menu also displays the firmware version, battery, external, and solar voltages, and the temperature of the system.
78 78  
79 -==== Upon setup ====
107 +* Check that all //Initialisation Parameters// are marked as successful.
108 +* Check that solar voltage is above 10 V in the software, or preferrably physically check that the battery's voltage is increasing via a DMM.
80 80  
81 -- Check all Initialisation Parameters are marked as successful.
82 -
83 -- Check that solar voltage is above 10 V, otherwise the station will not last long.
84 -
85 -
86 86  == Live Seismometer Data ==
87 87  
88 88  This screen displays real time seismometer data for all 3 axes of the seismometer. Initially, a plot of raw data from all 3 channels is shown. By pressing enter, a high pass filter can be applied showing a more useful plot of all channels. The up and down arrows can be used to change between a view of all channels, individual channels, and all channels on different X axes.
89 89  
90 -==== Upon setup ====
114 +* Check that all 3 channels are present and are producing a signal.
115 +* Stomp on the ground near where the sensor is installed to check that a signal is being picked up by all 3 channels.
116 +* Common representations of poor signals include channels sloping smoothly from high values to zero, or sharp corners in the plots.
91 91  
92 -- Check that all 3 channels are present and are producing a signal.
93 -
94 -- Stomp on the ground near where the sensor is installed to check that a signal is being picked up by all 3 channels.
95 -
96 -- Common representations of poor signals include channels sloping smoothly from high values to zero, or sharp corners in the plots.
97 -
98 -
99 99  == GPS Data ==
100 100  
101 101  This menu displays the status of the stations' GPS connection. The screen lists; UTC time, UTC date, latitude, longitude, altitude, number of satellite connections, and SNR.
102 102  
103 -==== Upon setup ====
122 +* Check that the station is connected to satellites. 3 or more should be perfectly adequate to keep time.
104 104  
105 -- Check that the station is connected to satellites
106 -
107 -
108 108  == SD Information ==
109 109  
110 110  The menu lists if the SD card has been initialised, as well as the capacity and space free on the memory card. See "Data card formatting" (above) to see how to format and initialise the inserted SD card.
111 111  
112 -
113 113  == System Configuration ==
114 114  
115 115  This menu is used to set the stations identifiers and parameters.
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122 122  
123 123  The seismometer model and serial number (up to 10 characters) can be set. Seismometer model options include:
124 124  
125 -- Trillium Compact
140 +* Trillium Compact (same for 20s and 120s models)
141 +* CMG - 3ESP
142 +* Guralp 40T
143 +* LE-3D Lite
144 +* Mark L4C
145 +* Mark L4
126 126  
127 -- CMG - 3ESP
128 -
129 -- Guralp 40T
130 -
131 -- LE-3D Lite
132 -
133 -- Mark L4C
134 -
135 -- Mark L4
136 -
137 137  Additionally, the following settings can be used in place of the seismometer model types: +/- 20V, +/- 10V, +/- 5V
138 138  
139 139  The record on restart option ensures that if the logger dies and is powered back up whilst in the field (due to battery charging cycles or other causes) that the recording will resume.
140 140  
141 -==== Upon setup ====
151 +* Set the sampling rate, station identifier, and network code. Set the appropriate seismometer type. Most importantly, ensure the record on restart setting is checked.
142 142  
143 -- Set the sampling rate, station identifier, and network code. Set the appropriate seismometer type. Most importantly, ensure the record on restart setting is checked.
144 -
145 145  (% class="box errormessage" %)
146 146  (((
147 -NOTE: Ensure the 'RECORD ON RESTART' option is marked with a cross.
155 +Again, ensure the 'RECORD ON RESTART' option is marked with a cross (the default setting). This ensures that the logger will record any time it receives enough power!
148 148  )))
149 149  
150 150  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
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152 152  
153 153  == STA/LTA Configuration ==
154 154  
155 --
163 +The Short Term Average and Long Term Average Configuration screen.. this is a relic for when people weren't recording continuously. Not advised!
156 156  
157 -= =
158 -
159 159  = LogFile Conversion Script =
160 160  
161 161  Both the TSAWR and LPR-200 write logging information as a binary "dat" file which includes GPS time syncs, temperatures, battery power, and position. To convert them into ASCII you can read, use [[THIS PYTHON SCRIPT>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/anusr_log.py]].
162 162  
163 -= =
164 -
165 165  = Instrument Response =
166 166  
167 -Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 use the same ADS1281 analog-to-digital converter chip and are designed to have identical instrument response. Depending on the output sample rate (e.g. 100 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz) amplitude response is consistently flat up to ~~100 Hz but phase response can vary above 1 Hz at 100 Hz (or 10 Hz at 250 Hz).
171 +Both the TerraSAWR and LPR-200 use the same ADS1281 analog-to-digital converter chip and are designed to have identical instrument response. The ADC (analog to digital) chip in both loggers originally samples at 1024000 Hz and downsamples towards the output data rate via a 5th order SINC filter, then another four FIR filters. If the output is below 250 Hz, a final "pure" /5 decimation is done without any sort of FIR filter (for better or worse!).
168 168  
169 -The user can choose to apply a 2nd stage "sensor gain" by selecting an instrument type in the setup menu. This effectively selects a 10 Vpp (e.g. short period sensors), 20 Vpp, 40 Vpp (most broadband sensors) regime to match the sensor's sensitivity. This has the effect of doubling amplitude from 10v to 20v, or quadrupling from 10v to 40v. If you have set your sensor correctly (and the signal isn't clipped!) you can "correct" this by simply multiplying your data by 0.5 etc.
173 +In the logger's menu, the user can choose to apply a 2nd stage "sensor gain" by selecting an instrument type in the setup menu. This effectively selects a 10 Vpp (e.g. short period sensors), 20 Vpp, 40 Vpp (most broadband sensors) regime to match the sensor's sensitivity. This has the effect of doubling amplitude from 10v to 20v, or quadrupling from 10v to 40v. If you have set your sensor correctly (and the signal isn't clipped!) you can "correct" this by simply multiplying your data by 0.5 etc. This gain manifests itself in stage 2 in the response information.
170 170  
171 -Another important thing to note is that the group delay associated with late stage FIR filters is **automatically applied in the logger**, hence there is no need to apply this in the response. These tend to max out at 0.124 seconds for most output sampling rates (0.062 s for 100 Hz).
175 +//(The 600+ Stage 3 SINC coefficients during the initial 1024k > 16k decimation were left off as they slowed down the process x10 and contribute at most 0.3 db amplitude and 0.31 ms phase delay discrepancies, and primarily only to frequencies near the nyquist. If for some reason you want to add this phase manually we can share the parameters with you.)//
172 172  
173 -Instrument response can be downloaded from IRIS-NRL (v2) if need be, or by downloading the response of an equivalent sensor at AusPass (e.g. get_stations(level='response') )
177 +You might notice that the response information may come in two versions. The response from our website (see link below) includes the 2nd "sensor gain" stage for clarity. e.g. here is a Trillium Compact 120 & ANU Logger response
174 174  
179 +##Channel Response
180 + From M/S (Velocity) to COUNTS ()
181 + Overall Sensitivity: 3.95452e+08 defined at 1.000 Hz
182 + 8 stages:
183 + Stage 1: PolesZerosResponseStage from M/S to V, gain: 754.3
184 + Stage 2: ResponseStage from V to V, gain: 0.25
185 + Stage 3: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage from V to COUNTS, gain: 2.09715e+06
186 + Stage 4: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
187 + Stage 5: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
188 + Stage 6: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 0.99998
189 + Stage 7: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
190 + Stage 8: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1##
175 175  
176 -= ANU TerraSAWR (Gen 3, FW 3.5a, 2017?- current) =
177 177  
178 -Text here
193 +However, if retrieving from AusPass or IRIS, the 2nd "sensor gain" stage is combined with the logger gain. This has no affect, but will be one stage short:
179 179  
180 -== Sub-paragraph ==
195 +##Channel Response
196 + From M/S (Velocity) to COUNTS ()
197 + Overall Sensitivity: 3.9546e+08 defined at 1.000 Hz
198 + 6 stages:
199 + Stage 1: PolesZerosResponseStage from M/S to V, gain: 754.3
200 + Stage 2: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage from V to COUNTS, gain: 524288
201 + Stage 3: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
202 + Stage 4: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1
203 + Stage 5: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 0.99998
204 + Stage 6: FIRResponseStage from COUNTS to COUNTS, gain: 1##
181 181  
182 -XXXX
183 183  
184 -== Sub-paragraph ==
207 +For the most part, the data logger response essentially flat when the samplerate output is set to 100 Hz or less and for seismological purposes is likely to be impossible to detect below 20 Hz regardless.
185 185  
186 -xx
209 +Instrument response can be downloaded from IRIS [[Nominal Response Library>>https://ds.iris.edu/ds/nrl/]] if need be, or [[directly from us>>http://auspass.edu.au/data/logger_response]] , or by downloading the response of an equivalent sensor at AusPass (e.g. get_stations(level='response') ).
187 187  
188 -=== Sub-sub paragraph ===
189 189  
190 -x
212 +[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 50 Hz>>image:ANU_50hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="356" width="475"]]
191 191  
214 +[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 100 Hz>>image:ANU_100hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="355" width="473"]]
192 192  
193 -= ANU LPR-200 (Gen 2, FW 2.6a/2.7a, 2013 - current) =
216 +[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 250 Hz>>image:ANU_250hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="359" width="479"]]
194 194  
195 -Text here
218 +[[Amplitude and phase response for ANU logger at 1000 Hz>>image:ANU_1000hz_response.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" height="367" width="489"]]
196 196  
197 -== Sub-paragraph ==
198 198  
199 -x
221 +[[Huddle test comparing a Trillium Compact 120 + TerraSAWR vs a Trillium Compact 120 + Nanometrics Centaur (M8.AUANU) at 100 Hz>>image:TC120_ANU_vs_CENTAUR.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center"]]
200 200  
201 -== Sub-paragraph ==
223 += ANU TerraSAWR (Gen 3, FW 3.5a, 2014- current) =
202 202  
203 -x
225 +Earliest known model is dated July 2014 (though first deployed in 2019) and our current flagship model. Lightweight and small.
204 204  
227 += ANU LPR-200 (Gen 2, FW 2.6a/2.7a, 2011 - current) =
205 205  
206 -= ANU "ANUSR" (Gen 1, 2003? - 2013?) =
229 +Earliest known model is dated May 2011 (but first deployed November 2012) and still in use today. Potentially capable of housing much larger batteries than the TSAWR due to the larger cavity space.
207 207  
208 -x
231 += ANU "ANUSR" (Gen 1, 2003? - 2012) =
209 209  
233 +This logger has been retired for a long time and has a different instrument response. It used modular component boards and was powered via an acrylic case of 6 x 6V lantern batteries. There is a somewhat complete one above the CAT lab door if anyone is so inclined to have a look.
234 +
235 +
210 210  = References =
211 211  
212 212  * [[PDF Manual>>http://auspass.edu.au/field/LPR-200_Instruction_Manual.pdf]]
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222 222  )))
223 223  
224 224  
251 +
252 +
253 +
254 +
255 +
256 +
257 +
258 +
259 +
260 +
261 +
262 +
263 +
264 +
265 +
266 +
267 +
268 +
225 225  (% class="box" %)
226 226  (((
227 227  = TerraSAWR Specs =
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234 234  [[image:1704864886951-793.jpg]]
235 235  
236 236  |=Size (L x W x H)|30 x 25 x12cm
237 -|=Weight (with battery)| ~*~*1.9kg (2.5kg)
281 +|=Weight (with battery)| 1.9kg (2.5kg)
238 238  |=Battery|(((
239 -Lead-acid 12v, ~~7Ah
283 +Lead-acid 12v, ~~7-9Ah
240 240  
241 241  Rechargeable
242 242  )))
287 +|=Current Firmware|3.5a (Jan 2025)
243 243  
244 244  [[image:terrasawr battery.jpg]]
245 245  )))
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256 256  [[image:LPR 3.jpg]]
257 257  
258 258  |=Size (L x W x H)|42 x 34 x17 cm
259 -|=Weight (with battery)|4.9 kg (7.3 kg)
304 +|=Weight (no battery)|5.5 kg
260 260  |=Battery|(((
261 -LiFePo4 140Ah
306 +NOW: Any 12v battery with tab connections that will fit (ex. the same TSAWR battery)
262 262  
263 -Rechargeable
308 +DISCONTINUED: LiFePo4 140Ah Rechargeable (shown below).
264 264  )))
310 +|=Current Firmware|(((
311 +2.6a (old GPS modules) / 2.7a
265 265  
313 +Jan 2025
314 +)))
315 +
266 266  [[image:LPR battery.jpg]]
267 267  )))
268 268  )))
319 +
320 +
321 +
322 +
323 +
269 269  )))
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